Art History Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workmanship History Project - Assignment Example This is on the grounds that some emblematic bits of the craftsmanship play a solitary or numerous significances in making an imposing symbol, for either binding together the networks or precluding shameless activities in the cultural living (Penelope 10-360). Along these lines, this paper targets exhibiting the manner in which craftsmanship cultivated harmony and security through clash and viciousness the executives in the tempestuous world. One of the significant bits of craftsmanship utilized in the previous occasions was the engineering, which included the way toward structuring, arranging, and development. The idea of the physical structures and other physical structures had their own implications. The material thought of the structure structures were seen to be the social images and all the more thus, the work of art. Diverse recorded developments were generally recognized by their method of structural headways so as to endure the quality of their practices. This is on the groun ds that various civic establishments were additionally contending with rival regions even regarding compositional progressions, for example, structures and making arrangements for their structures. Another bit of craftsmanship was the moves. Each early human advancement had their own style of moving, which could be remarkably recognized by different networks or social orders. The move is a type of workmanship that includes the body development, frequently cadenced to music. It is for the most part performed by various social assorted varieties for social connections, articulation of feelings, for exercise, execution, or otherworldly settings. The moving was additionally performed to recount to the narratives or express the thoughts. The moving styles were utilized in verifiable human advancements to show moral sensibilities, social and accepted practices, or in any event, being just imaginative. The moving were constantly acted in services in a given social works on including the ex plaining of contentions and contested. In some social assorted variety, moving was utilized to join the progress, and each moving style had its emblematic implying that a foe couldn't comprehend. The third bit of craftsmanship that was utilized to guarantee harmony and security in different clash social orders is models. Figures are displayed or cut structures that are generally made of stones, earthenware production, wood, and metal that speaks to the enduring works, that were utilized to communicate the political and strict wonder. During the Middle Ages and Gothic, the models spoke to the interests and miseries of Christian dedicated so as to live calmly on each other. The sacred writings joined the all Christian unwavering over the world, and went about as a solitary imageries of being a devotee of Christ. The other bit of expressions that was utilized to join the clashing scene was the music. Music is a type of craftsmanship where the sound and quietness was its medium. Their c omponents were rhythms, pitch, for example, congruity and tune, elements, and different characteristics of surface and tone. The music execution, creation, essentialness, and the definition varied by the social and social settings. The music or the tunes in antiquated social orders guaranteed a solitary society since each network had their own melodic tunes, and each had a bringing together impacts. The fifth bit of craftsmanship that guarantee a bound together cultural living among the networks is the painting. Painting is an act of shading or applying colors or rather paints. In addition, the canvases were likewise regularly utilized in outside craftsmanship in exchange among the manufacturers and experts. It

Assessment on English for Cambodian Textbook Uses

Appraisal on English for Cambodian Textbook Uses The fall of the Pol Pot system in 1979 added to another progression toward presenting new unknown dialects Vietnamese, and Russian, in Cambodian training framework. Be that as it may, toward the finish of cold war in late 1989, French and English were reintroduced by and by at lower optional school training after an extensive stretch of denial of showing the two dialects at the finish of Lon Nol system in 1975 (Igawa, 2008). Albeit French and English have been educated since the time that time, English has become the principal unknown dialect attributable to the way that there has been a changing allotment of language assets from French to English (Clayton, 2006). Since English turns out to be increasingly more powerful language in Cambodia, high consideration has been attracted to make this language increasingly more transmittable among school young ladies and young men at fundamental training level from grade 7 to review 12. In the interim, the primary the motivation behind Lower S econdary School (LSS) is to have understudies completely take part in the general public and become a gainful resident. In such manner, the target of instructing unknown dialect at that level is set to serve fundamental open capability for the understudies (MoYES, 2004). To serve the above target, in Lower and Upper Secondary school levels from grade 7 to review 12, MoEYS utilizes the book arrangement named English for Cambodia to show understudies, which was at first steered in 1996-1997 scholastic year (MoEYS, 1999). Prior to the distribution of English for Cambodia (EFC) arrangement, numerous course reading arrangement, for example, Headway, English for Today, and smooth out, to give some examples, were used to show Cambodian Secondary School understudies. Not long after a few tasks had been directed to build up a fitting English course book for Cambodia, EFC reading material arrangement were distributed with six levels in which one level is restricted for the entire scholastic y ear of each evaluation at both Lower and Upper Secondary schools in Cambodia (Vira, 2002). In grade 7, understudies are to take the main degree of the book named â€Å"English for Cambodia: Book 1†. The book is written in English remembering the informative part for the primary area. The course book content is sorted out on the punctuation premise containing various sections which each is partitioned into 4 or 3 units to clarify the objective sentence structure, a few drills utilizing the language structure, short discoursed with inquiries to check for perception, and understanding writings. From the substance, every part consequently orientates understudies towards open objective (MoEYS, 1999). English for Cambodia, book one, was created in types of teacher’s guide and understudy book in regard to MoEYS Textbook Master Plan (1996) and helped out Cambodian research establishments. This reading material was planned based on MoEYS English Syllabus for grade 7 understudie s and joined by the encouraging approach created by educator mentors during instructional class for Lower Secondary English students. Specifically, the primary highlights of instructing approach in this book is described as: improving 4 language aptitude rehearses to be specific tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing; rehearsing linguistic structure and jargon and presenting efficient and proper methods for open language work; different successful educating and learning procedure introduced in every unit; and normal communication among understudies and instructors (MoEYS, 1999).

Blog Archive Mission Admission I Dont Know Any Alumni!

Blog Archive Mission Admission I Dont Know Any Alumni! Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. We find that because the pool of MBA candidates is so anonymous, many applicants believe that any minimal difference that exists between them and their fellow candidates represents a huge disadvantage. For example, a candidate may have no alumni connection to the school and  therefore becomes anxious that he/she is already behind at the starting line. We can assure you that if you are a strong candidate, you will not be “dinged” by a school if you don’t know any of the programs alumni. In fact, the vast majority of candidates will not have direct connections to alumni from their target schools. The bottom line is that in some cases, if you know a powerful alumnus or alumna, he or she can likely help you in your candidacy. However, the standout candidate without an alumni connection will generally still succeed, and the weak candidate with the alumni connection will still fail. So focus on crafting your best application possible, and do not worry about minor perceived weaknesses. You can succeed on your own,  regardless of whom you knowor dont know. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Maslows Theory of Self-Actualization and Giving Up on Dreams

As we can see, in the daily life we are living in, people always give up on their dreams very easily. It is usual for us to hear someone say that, I quit. I can not do this any more. Some people do so because they are tired of what they are doing, and others may just give up on their dreams because of their own personality problem. In my point of view, it is not a good or healthy thing to do because in the end, people may regret for what they decided to do. They may feel unhappy or even depressed. This can increase the number of people who have melancholia, and it also increase the rate of suicidal behavior. So, in my point of view, dreams, the life goals of individuals, should never be given up. This is not a new born problem†¦show more content†¦Some people do so because of the bad economy. It seems that they have to give up on their dreams to look for a better way to earn money. There are also some people who are just tired of their current living style, and want to have a new way of living. I think this can be understood as the individuals own personality problem. According to Professor Lebreton, People have different personality traits within them that makes up their personality. Some personalities are more passionate than others, while others are more likely to lose the passion and start to do other things. This is the reason why that there are always some people who would give up on their dreams very easily. Sometimes, it looks like that there is no big deal for people to give up on their dream. This is actually wrong because abandoning the primary dreams can lead people to go on totally different life tracks. Usually, if the individual cannot get used to his or her new life soon enough, it is likely for him or her to feel even more unhappy than before, and this can develop into some really serious consequences, like melancholia. There is a study from World Health Organization which shows that there are about 9.8% of Americans who are suffering from this mental disease. Those people who have this disease feel unhappy and depressed all the time, and they do not like the life theyShow MoreRelatedWaverly Bird Motivation(Human Behavior)771 Words   |  4 Pagesbuilding pianos. What are his drives and needs? Would a behavior modification program affect his motivation? Why or why not? The situation in the case exhibits most of the content theories of motivation. The models and their connection to the motivation of Mr. Waverly Bird will be discussed in further details: * Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs- This model is often better explained with an illustration of a pyramid having different levels together with the two principles known as Deficit and ProgressiveRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pagesconcept of self-actualization which is the term used to describe the state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potentials in their own unique way. Maslow’s theory includes sublevels that must be achieved before reaching self-actualization. In this paper, I will explain how each of his previous levels have affected my life, and give an idea of when I may hope to achieve self-actualization. Self-actualization is the term that Abraham Maslow used to describe the state of self-fulfillmentRead MoreKhaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner1741 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem with Amir being too soft because he allowed the other children in the area to pick on him and he will not fight back. In the book it shows the bond that Amir has with Hassan when they were growing up. The book was centered on the both Amir and Hassan childhood and the stuff their did while growing up and how they relationship changed because Amir has to move to America because of issues in Afghanistan. But after 20-25 years of living apart Amir received a call from his father’s friend that wouldRead MoreMotivation and Emotion1493 Words   |  6 Pagesshutterstock_141144724You signed up for a fitness class at the gym so you could lose five pounds, took it diligently and dropped the weight. Your sister signed up for the same fitness class, took it sparingly, and then dropped the class without losing any weight. What motivated you to go to the class each time, participate in the class, follow through with your fitness plan and lose the weight? And why wasn’t your sister motivated to do the same? (If you find YOU can’t get motivated,Read MoreApproaches Of Psychology And Psychology1465 Words   |  6 Pages Approaches of psychology essay Fray Brittany Mr. Perez Psych Pd.7 11 Sept. 2015 Word Count: 1,449 Psychology is a very complex thing to understand to make it easier it is split up. There are different ways to interpret the big picture in psychology it makes senses for people to do so. There are five approaches to psychology and they are Cognitive, Behavioral, Biological, Humanistic, and Psychodynamic. All of these approaches are different from one another but can sometimes be used together toRead MoreConsumer Buying Behaviour : Msc Business Management2167 Words   |  9 Pagescareer. I would like to thank all participants who contributed to this research. It was a wonderful experience and adventure. The rest of the lecturers, I would like to thank you for pushing our limits, inspiring and supporting us to achieve our dreams. To sum up, I would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents. Their unconditional love, support and sacrifice made me who I am today. I could not achieve any of this without their support, wisdom, encouragement and motivation. Thank you for believingRead MoreThe Overall Impact On Having Motivation At Work1588 Words   |  7 Pagesdecent amount of products, making them motivated to complete this in their allotted time. There are a few content theories demonstrating that money leads to better performances at work. One being ‘Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (cited in Simply Psychology, 2007). This establishes the 5 main needs whereby employees are motivated to reach the highest level of the chart which is self-actualization. Maslow states that people are motivated to achieve certain needs, and in this case when they complete one needRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Personality Theory4645 Words   |  19 Pagesinformative paper that explores theories of personality. The investigation that is included explains different views from past and present psychologists, from two different theories used in class during the semester. It is prevalent that a person development can suffer from behavioral and psychodynamic problems due to inconsistencies in their life growing up. This paper will discuss an eclectic view of ones personality in conjunct with a formulation of my own personality theory of development. Read MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture2710 Words   |  11 Pagesbiological characteristic that controls precisely where the individual will end up in the developmental spectrum. The experiences that individuals will develop from throughout stages of development, their childhood and into their adulthood, play a great part in their conscious and unconscious motives. The experiences also play a significant part to how the individual develops a self-concept or how they view them self. Not only does development takes place during the childhood and adolescence stagesRead MoreMy Own Progression through the Psychosexual Stages of Development1660 Words   |  7 Pagesurethra and their functions. The last time I wet the bed I was five. That is old for someone to still be wetting the bed. I remember that I was afraid of getting up at night when I was younger, so maybe that had something to do with it. It’s really embarrassing to say it, but I’m being honest. After that one incident I never was afraid to get up and go to the bathroom. I was so embarrassed that I never wanted it to happen again. The third stage is the phallic stage. This stage begins from age three

Music the Medicine of the Mind - 784 Words

Music can have effects on the human brain that are hard to exaggerate. For instance, a mere snippet of song can trigger one’s memories so vividly. A tune can induce emotions ranging from unabashed joy to deep sorrow and can drive listeners into states of patriotic fervour or religious frenzy--to say nothing of its legendary ability to soothe the savage beast. The study of how music affects the mind and the interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been a subject of interest for many. Music is known to speed the recovery of health ailments and has a calming effect on the mind. Music helps fight anxiety and has a soothing effect on the brain. Music may affect the brain/mind by increasing creativity†¦show more content†¦Ellen Weber; â€Å"Classical music, such as Haydn and Mozart, often improves concentration and memory when played in the background.† Hence, music helps increase your concentration levels a great deal. In addition, music has a calming effect on the mind, so, the calmer the mind, the easier it is to focus and concentrate. Additionally, music has been found to increase memory levels of Alzheimer s and dementia patients. The silence between two musical notes triggers brain cells which are responsible for the development of sharp memory. Flute music, and instruments like the santoor and sarod are recommended for the enhancement of concentration and memory. Also, classical music improves the ability to recall what s retained in the brain in the form of memory. Strong beats cause the brain waves to resonate in synch with the beat, thus, leading to increased levels of concentration and increased mental alertness. Moreover, music acts as a catalyst in the healing process. According to the online article â€Å"Music and the Healing Process† from the Thorburn Associates Acoustic and Technology Consultants website, â€Å"There is also significant research that music can be used in medicine to help manage pain, reduce anxiety†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hence, music is an effective distraction from pain and suffering of the sick and injured, however, music not only diverts the mind from pain, but also helps bring about certain chemical changes in the brain, such as, enabling one’s mind to secreteShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods fall under the category of complementary and alternative medicine. According to Sandra Augustyn Lawton in Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Teens, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can be defined as â€Å"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine† (Lawton, 2007, p.3). Although complementary and alternative medicines are often interpreted as the same thing, complementary methodsRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Health And Personal Problems921 Words   |  4 Pagesfound helps me go to sleep better is listening to music. For my research I will share how the sound of music can help you fall asleep and make you feel better. With the help of music I believe we do not need to prescribe drugs for something that can be cured in a natural way. Music is used for many different things. It is just not for personal enjoyment anymore; it is a part of everyday life. There are now a lot of research that shows that music therapy is new way to help with health and personalRead MoreOpinion Essay929 Words   |  4 Pages Music is the best type of Art What is art? Everyone knows about it, but could you say a lot about music? May be yes, may be no. Music is the best type of art. Before proving it , let’s talk about what music means. Music is an art form which medium is sound and silence. In many cultures music is an important part of people. Music contains all their history. May be for someone music is just noise of instruments, but not for me. Music reflects history, people’sRead MoreEssay On Complementary Therapies1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe demand for the integration of complementary and traditional medicine into healthcare practice is on the rise. In the United States, an estimated 1 in 9 children from birth to 18 years old use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (Burns et al., 2017). Use is increasing among some of the most vulnerable populations of children such as those with chronic, recurrent, or incurable disorders (McClafferty et al., 2017). Chronic health conditions are often more effecti vely addressed with theRead MoreEastern Medicine : A Healing System1443 Words   |  6 PagesBlackman 2 Eastern Medicine is a healing system that has been carefully developed all throughout China over the course of thousands of years, resulting in various forms of therapy. There are many focuses and principles in these methods, such as enhancing the body’s capacities and bolstering the body’s immunities for restoring and sustaining health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a great emphasis on natural remedies; staying grounded to earth by exploring the body s interactions with allRead MoreThe Efficacy Of Music Therapy Intervention844 Words   |  4 Pagesthe efficacy of music therapy intervention. Scientists have taken several approaches in determining if music allows an autistic child to become more socially engaged. The current debate is that children who have autism have social engagement problems that cannot be trained or controlled. Science is now debunking that argument as more research and evidence is emerging, showing improvements in autistic childrenâ₠¬â„¢s social interactions. Working thesis: Studies on the efficacy of music therapy are providingRead MoreIf Music Be the Food of Love, Play on1089 Words   |  5 PagesIf Music be the Food of Love, Play on   Ã‚  Ã‚   Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination; Music itself is a form of mood, it’s an explosive expression. Its something we are all touched by. No matter what culture were from, everyone loves music. As Bob Marley said â€Å"One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain.† There are certain times good and bad in my life that I can remember just by a song that might play. It’s that recollectionRead MoreHow Music Affects The Way Surgeons802 Words   |  4 Pagessuper stressed out I listen to music. It makes me forget about everything and just focus on myself. So I was wondering, does music affect the way surgeons preform during surgery? I have always wondered how doctors or surgeons kept their calm in high-pressure situations and does it have to do with the biology of one’s mind? â€Å"Confession. I listen to Lady Gaga in the operating room. Except when I do a face lift.â₠¬  Anthony Youn, M.D. admits. Apparently the type of music your surgeon plays really doesRead MoreAlternative Medicine On The Body And The Brain1272 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative medicine is based on the belief that the body and the brain can heal themselves and prevent illness. Alternative medicine focuses on the use of natural means to build up one s energy and immune system for wellness and prevention. Alternative medicine focuses on improving brain chemistry through natural means. It focuses on getting the body to take care of itself. Alternative medicine is based on the premise that health is impacted by the energy body, the conscious and subconscious mind and theRead MoreEssay about Alternative Methods of Healing: Music Therapy1561 Words   |  7 Pagesby non-western medicine for generations. The use of acupuncture to heal everything from seasickness to muscle soreness is well documented and widely used. Physical therapy is often a precursor to surgery and many times will prevent the need to undergo a more invasive procedure. A lesser-known form of alternative healing but becoming more popular is music therapy. In the late 18th century, scientists began to investigate the effects of music on the human body; however, using music as a healing medium

The Irony of the Jungle - 1510 Words

The Irony of The Jungle Between 1870 and 1900 Chicago grew from a population of 299,000 to almost 1.7 million, the fastest-growing city ever at the time. This surge in population was largely attributed to immigrants coming from European countries seeking a chance for employment and new freedoms associated with moving to the United States at the time. 1905, in particular, was a historic year when a surge of over 1 million immigrants came to the city. During this time, author Upton Sinclair was working undercover, investigating working conditions in the city’s meatpacking district. Sinclair’s research was integrated into his novel The Jungle, a tragic story about a group of immigrants from Lithuania led by Jurgis, the main†¦show more content†¦Although the injury was caused by leaping out of the way from out-of-control cattle, the company declares Jurgis’ injury to be his own fault. Forced to rest at home with no means to earn money while other strong-bodied men replace him, t he bank eventually forecloses on his home, only to resell to another eager family that shared Jurgis’ optimism. Realizing this truth, Jurgis’ father Anatanas is just as resolute to help provide for the family. He takes up a job in a pickling-basement with poor air quality and contact with poisonous chemicals, which ultimately leads to his death. Lack of sympathy is a common theme which helps Sinclair paint the picture of an unforgiving environment, where people come and go, processed much like cattle. Sinclair’s title is appropriate given the ways people are treated when an accident happens. Similar tragic fates befall the rest of Jurgis’ extended family that enter work in the meatpacking district. Realizing their home will be increasingly difficult to afford when deciding to have a child with Jurgis, Ona must work in the meatpacking district. If a strong man like Jurgis can be broken by the working and living conditions, it is no surprise that Ona is also broken by the system, being raped by her boss and unable to do anything about it because of his favor with politicians and lawmen. â€Å"Ona’s account of her rape tellsShow MoreRelatedEssay on John Steinbeck and Upton Sinclair: a Comparison1138 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck and Upton Sinclair: A Comparison â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, written by John Steinbeck and â€Å"The Jungle†, written by Upton Sinclair are two books that have and will forever be impactful on American history and literature. They are both considered very powerful novels. Although these books seem very different, they are much more similar than they seem. Steinbeck tells the story of a family making their way to California amidst the Great Depression and era of the Dust Bowl, while SinclairRead MoreEssay on The American Dream in The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Jr.967 Words   |  4 Pagespolitics† (dictionary.com). Upton Sinclair gained fame in the early 1900’s from his muckraking novel, The Jungle, describing the life of a young Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis, living in Chicago in pursuit of the American dream. Jurgis found out that America isn’t as good as it appeared; with higher wages came more expensive goods, and with cheaper houses came higher interest rates. The Jungle, a fic tional novel, tells of the real horrors of working in a Chicago meat packing factory. Sinclair had goneRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman1496 Words   |  6 PagesUncle Ben believes that the Ideal American dream is attained through getting fortune and opportunities. He tries to encourage the boys if they want to achieve their American dreams they have to follow his footsteps since by 17 years he was out in the jungle and by he was rich. Lies and Betrayal Willy tries to encourage himself into believing that he is successful and that his sons are destined for greatness committed suicide after realizing that he is only blinded by his dreams. Willy felt betrayed byRead MoreReview Of The Guns Of Navarone, River Of Death, Break Heart Pass 1585 Words   |  7 Pagesgold city. Hamilton agrees and shortly after entering the jungle, the characters are exposed to the ever-present dangers that the Amazon presents. Maclean describes this harsh terrain as â€Å"tens of thousands of square miles in that virtually unknown part of the world: all that was to be seen was an Amazonian tributary meandering its way through the endless green of the rain forest of the Planalto de Mato Grosso† (32). The vast size of the jungle presents countless challenges for the major characters andRead MoreEssay on Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath vs. Sinclair’s The Jungle1892 Words   |  8 PagesSteinbecks The Grapes of Wrath vs. Sinclair’s The Ju ngle The global appeal of the so-called American dream of happiness and success has drawn many people to the â€Å"promised land† for hundreds of years. Although the American government preached equality for all on paper, it was driven primarily by money. Both Upton Sinclair and John Steinbeck recognized this and used literature to convey the flaws of capitalism. Sinclair’s The Jungle satirized America’s wage slavery at the turn of the centuryRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness1208 Words   |  5 Pagesdevotion, valour, rage-who can tell?-but truth-truth stripped of its cloak of time, (109). Conrad uses repetition in a manner that allows the reader to fully see what he is attempting to emphasize.. The irony of the work lies within the title and the central theme- darkness versus light. The irony within the work is based on the fact that one must travel through the darkness to get to the light. Conrads ability to manipulate the language and its literary elements, makes the work quite interestingRead MoreNaturalism in Stephen Cranes Maggie: a Girl of the Streets1630 Words   |  7 PagesRow†, imply to the reader that the inhabitants are both heavily dependent on alcohol and rough in their personalities. The fact that young children are fighting battles like animals echoes the similar themes of Naturalists portraying the city as a jungle, and its’ inhabitants equal to the animals that occupy it. Crane uses both similes and metaphors to add intensity and detail to his work. His work is peppered with colorful language that allows the reader to perceive an occurrence or characteristicRead MoreHeart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad is dramatic tale of an arduous trek into the darkest800 Words   |  4 Pagesturn of the twentieth century. The story follows the protagonist Marlow, an English marine merchant, as he travels through the African jungle up the Congo river in search for a mysterious man named Kurtz. Through Marlows narration, Conrad provides a searing indictment of European colonial exploitation inflicted upon African natives. Through his use of irony, characters, and symbolism in the novel, Conrad aims to unveil the underlying horrors of colonialism. By shedding light on the brutalityRead MoreVillage in the Jungle by Leonard Woolf834 Words   |  4 PagesLeonard Woolf’s village in the jungle is a fascinating novel written about the life of the peasant s in Sri Lanka during the British rule. The story takes place in a remote jungle village called â€Å"Baddegama†. The writer recalls the strange happenings not only within Baddegama but also in its surroundings. The story is between a high cast family and a low cast family and how a foreign man who comes to the village influences these two families. The story goes on describing how the low cast family isRead MoreHow War Transforms A Person Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesalters minds. In World War I, it was the trenches, an unsanitary formidable enemy of both sides. In World War II, it was the concentration camps, bastions for sub-human treatment of those a deranged leader viewed as inferior. In Vietnam, it was the jungle, and the various problems associated with guerilla warfare in such a diverse and unforgiving habitat. In his fictional piece The Things They Carried, Vietnam Veteran Tim O’brien uses stories to illustrate the realities of war. Corporal Porter describes

Cheaper by the Dozen Character Analysis Billy Esay free essay sample

Cheaper by the Dozen Character Analysis Billy Essay In the novel Cheaper by the Dozen, Billy who is one of the Gilberts 12 children, along with being a brother to 11 children he is also very impressionable and like anyone, he can be grumpy. Billy can be many different things, one thing that all people are is grumpy, here are a couple examples. When all of the were meeting Mrs. . Gilberts family, they all had to be on their absolute best behavior. After about a week of visiting Mrs.. Gilberts family, all of the children decided to get comfortable, on the day of the armor tea party in honor of Mrs..Gilberts. Billys godmother was telling him how handsome he looked and that he was going to make a good impression on all of the guests not on these pants, Bill said look sissy and Im not going to where them'(66). We will write a custom essay sample on Cheaper by the Dozen Character Analysis Billy Esay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This reaction reveals that Billy is starting to get peevish because he has to make everyone happy and he and all of the other children are getting tired of it. When all of the kids Aunt Anne takes care of them for a few days, Billy Is troublesome, when she was leaving she rumpled Billys hair.Ouch, Billy whispered to her, grinning in relief. let still hurts. Have a This comment shows that Billy can be crabby sometimes, a couple of days before this Billys Aunt Anne grabbed him by the hair. It was Just the beginning of the Jazz age when Ann. s friend Lobby came over for dinner, Lobby is what you would call a flapper. When she met Mr.. Gilberts she tells him that he Is handsome and gallant. Oh boy, groaned This passage suggests that Billy can be pettish, Billy says this because of all of the other girls at the once said almost the same thing.Billy Is very Impressionable, meaning what ever you do, he will follow. Elf you are someone who Billy likes, there Is a ninety-nine percent chance that he will do the same thing that you do at least once. For example, when all of the twelve children are starting to get on Mr.. Gilberts nerves, the hood of the car starts to smoke! He opened the hood to the car with all of his tools and looked Inside. Nobody noticed Bill, he had crawled Into the front seat. And then-Kodak Kodak, did you see the birdie Dad?

The Millers Tale Essay Example

The Millers Tale Paper There is clearly no sexual attraction between Alison and her much older husband, John the carpenter. Absolon with his ridiculously absurd attempts to woo women and more specifically Alison is similarly ineffective in successfully conquering her. It could be possible then to deduce a lesson about the most successful methods to employ when attempting to woo women, similar to those used by Nicholas, the most successful of Alisons possible three suitors who manages to finally accept him as her lover she hire love him graunted ate laste. In the execution of his intricate plan devised to enable him to finally commit adultery with Alison, Nicholas proves himself to be very intelligent. Despite the carpenters disapproval of prying into divine secrets mentioned in line 56, Nicholas captures his interest and John submits to listening eagerly to his revelations about Goddes privetee in line 346. In order to ensure Johns belief and co-operation with the plan, the method in which Nicholas approaches him is crucial. We will write a custom essay sample on The Millers Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Millers Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Millers Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nicholas makes John initially feel privileged to know the information about the forthcoming flood when really Nicholas is covering his own back and limit the social damage that this lie will do, especially to Nicholas reputation as an established and competent astronomer. Nicholas makes a preposterous statement in line 450, I wol nat tellen Goddes privetee because he has been revealing supposedly divine secrets since line 406. Also, the privetee involved here is not very godly; Nicholas is simply making his story elaborate and pious to limit Johns questioning of the absurd story. Nicholas also appeals to Johns cupidity in his lines 473/4 by suggesting that they will posses and rule the whole world. Such a sely man as John is hardly going to argue with such a learned scholar as Nicholas who foresees such an event which will benefit him so richly. Nicholas also uses absurd compliments and flatteries to win Johns co-operation with the plan: thou art so wys, it needeth thee nat teche, which is a completely ridiculous thing to say after Nicholas has given him such precise instructions. Nicholas motives behind the plot are known to the reader, but despite this, it is clear that such an absurd tale must have been concocted by someone with ulterior issues at hand. When Nicholas approaches John about the plot, he is already shocked by Nicholas bizarre behaviour and confused as to why this is; after he is told John is so distracted by the fear of the impending flood he cant see what appears so obvious to the reader. Despite the more absurd aspects of the scheme, like Nicholas insisting on separate tubs for Alison and John to ironically ensure that bitwixe yow shal be no sinne, John remains unaware of the real reason, showing his nai vety. Upon his discovery of Nicholas in a state of mental disturbance, John makes a statement about how learned astronomers can fall into trouble if they are too busy looking at the stars and not what they are doing. The ponderous moral he saugh nat that (line 353) rebounds on the carpenter because it is not the learned astronomer but the simple man who is about to fall blindly into the pit. It is typical that John is often full of wisdom and mockery of the learned man, describing how it is a sin to pry into Gods business and implying that he is better than scholars like Nicholas, but is soon eager to listen to his advice and benefit from his knowledge. This illustrates how fickle and nai ve John really is, and how cunning Nicholas has been in deceiving him so well, making John believe he is really the one benefiting from the whole plot. The devout carpenter is also easily impressed by Nicholas blaphmous assurance it is Christes couseil which is simply part of the adulterous deception. The fact that Nicholas uses such religious terms to deceive a sely man and cover for his adulterous actions shows Nicholas to not be very religious or morally driven. It is ironic that in line 53/6 the theory that husbands shouldnt pry into their wives secrets, which concern Alisons sexual life, into which a husband should not enquire into if he wishes to remain contentedly assured of her fidelity. Nicholas is shown to be withdrawn and fairly unsociable but well-experienced in clandestine and secret love-affairs, and when Alison warns him ye moste been ful deerne, as in this cas he assures her of his competency to execute the cunning plan without the carpenters detection. Nicholas is comic in the implication that he and John are both single, guileless men whose charming innocence is symbolised by the white duck in line 468. The ironic centre of the tale is perhaps represented in the line a man woot litel what him shal bitide because it is the carpenter and not Nicholas who is ignorant of what is about to happen and who, despite his comments, is eager to believe Nicholas forecast of the forthcoming events. However, the future doe should an unforeseen shock for Nicholas who thinks himself in control of the events and also for Absolon who shortly prior to his humiliation ensures himself that some manner of comfort is coming his way. The character of Nicholas is perhaps not the most significant individual personality in the tale but it is quite crucial to the comic and ironic elements that are strong themes running throughout. Nicholas is definitely the most important character in the elaborate deception plot and therefore plays quite a significant role in the climax of the tale. Zi e North 12fii Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Geoffrey Chaucer section.

The eNotes Blog Shelley Jacksons Skin Project A LivingNovella

Shelley Jacksons Skin Project A LivingNovella Shelley Jackson has always been an author to push the boundaries of genre and form. In the nineties, she broke ground as one of the first writers to experiment with hyperfiction, reaping high praise for Patchwork Girl,  a hypertext, Borgesian spin on Mary Shelleys  Frankenstein.  But I recently came across a project of hers that is even more daring, one that seeks to make her writing permanently inked: The Skin Project was launched in 2003. Jackson had a 2,095 word novella written, but as opposed to printing it on paper, she sought to present the story on the skin of many project volunteers. 2,095 volunteers, to be exact; one word for every person. Words were handed out to volunteers in the exact order in which they were written for the story, meaning participants had no say in what would be tattooed on their bodies. They could choose the site of their tattoo, with the caveat that words describing a body part could be anywhere on the body except for that named body part (not including the word skin, of course). In addition, the final story was disclosed only to these 2,095 participants, who have been sworn to secrecy. Jacksons idea behind this was to create a mortal work of art that could never be read in its proper order, but just exists, pulsing, out in the world at all times. In what seems to me an almost term of endearment, Jackson refers to the many participants in the project as words. She describes their role in the Skin Project, writing They are not understood as carriers or agents of the texts they bear, but as its embodiments. As a result, injuries to the printed texts, such as dermabrasion, laser surgery, tattoo cover work or the loss of body parts, will not be considered to alter the work. Only the death of words effaces them from the text. As words die the story will change; when the last word dies the story will also have died. The author will make every effort to attend the funerals of her words. A large number of Jacksons words will remain anonymous, but at least one is a fellow published author. The tattoo above right is on the forearm of none other than Rick Moody, writer of  The Ice Storm. We may not be permitted to read or know the finished work, but as with Egans twitterature feature Black Box, its exciting to see a new fiction form emerge. To see more of the words, you can also visit the Berkeley Art Museums Archive to watch the video Jackson assembled of 191 volunteers reading their words aloud, which was arranged into a new sub-Skin spoken word piece.

Quotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quotation - Essay Example 260). The methodology to show how one can use the models for deriving an alternative measurement of a school’s performance with reference to the average difference between its actual and predicted outcomes for the five measures was shown by Toutkoushian & Curtis (2005). This derivation was made after accounting for the effects of socioeconomic factors on school performance Toutkoushian & Curtis (2005) suggested the utility of different models for measuring a school’s performance with reference to the measured average count of value addition done in the relevant five measures. This measurement was done considering the social and economic relevance of the school’s performance. The process of measuring and ranking according to the difference between the actual and the predicted outcome facilitates the more precise judgment about the comparative performance of the schools. This also gives an exact idea on the role of SES of communities in the result that the schools bring forth in terms of education. (Toutkoushian & Curtis , 2005, p. 260). Bennett (2002, p. 27) confirms that â€Å"integrated pluralism† and the allied situations would help the students to be adhered to their original social and historic values. However, on the other side this within itself becomes a platform for them to interact and learn about different backgrounds existing within the system. This in turn helps to learn to respect varied cultural and social backgrounds. Stein (1980) argued that institutions must ensure to include the science of education in the programs promoted by them. The service of a specialist in education would highly promote the concept of continuity in the leaning process among the employees. This also helps the institution to be aware of its own limitations in the learning procedure. Moran (1997, p. 106) confirmed that as the results of the evaluation would make substantial impact on the outside environment of the learning system, the efficacy

Tourism in Gig Harbor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tourism in Gig Harbor - Essay Example These events aim at increasing economic activities at the Gig Harbor through overnight lodges, meals provision, sale of souvenirs and gifts and building tourist sites and facilities. I chose this RFP because Gig Harbor has maintained its tourist sites and developed strategies that successfully increased and maintained growth of tourism in Washington State. For example, it offers various activities that suit a diversity of people such as children, families and groups (Garrett, 2010). The strategies that I will use to build trust with my clients will include knowing the client’s expectations. Asking the client about their expectations will enable me to satisfy them and hence, retain the client for current and future business. Fulfilling promises is another strategy that determines one’s ability to gain and retain trust with clients. Develop credibility by maintaining professionalism and deliver on all the made promises (Garrett, 2010). Open communication is a key strategy in developing trust. Discuss all the details with the client and disclose all terms of the contract. Disclose good and bad communication and allow an open discussion with the client. Offering the best solution is a great strategy to gain trust. Listening to clients’ needs and offering them a working solution shows that you care for their needs. Energizing the clients by asking good questions and then listening as they give answers is a strategy that builds trust (Claycomb & Martin, 2002). Active listening shows the clients that you care about them. Look at things from the client’s perspective is another strategy that will enhance trust as it shows your empathy and willingness to help clients’ obtain the best solutions for their needs I will use several tactics to manage client expectations. First, communicating regularly and addressing client’s needs directly. Regular communication will build a strong relationship that will overcome all the setbacks and

Inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism 1.0 Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism occurs 1 in 5000 births collectively. They can be treated if the inborn error is diagnosed properly and early. They are manly caused by a gene defect that blocks vital metabolic pathways. The can be server, which is mainly due to amount of enzymes that is causing the block or deficiency of the reaction product. This can affect the organs and also have local effect such as lysosomal storage disease. The symptoms can vary, from mild to severe. They affect any organs and occur at any time. To recognise the Inborn Errors of Metabolism, the doctor must be suspicious; for example a baby that show signs of antecedent maternal fever should undergo a blood culture and also undergo simple tests such as Amino acids, Organic acids, Glucose, Electrolytes, Lactate, and Ammonia; which is done in the laboratory. 2.0 Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a group of genetic disorders that are rare. These disorders are genetic diseases that are involved in metabolism disorders. A large section of these disorders arise from single genes that encodes for enzymes; that have been defective. These enzymes are important that they catalyses chemical reactions converting substrates to products essential for everyday living. Inborn errors of metabolism disorders can arise from a number of conditions such as prolong exposure and accumulation of substances which are toxic, and the interference of normal functions and the inability to produce and synthesize essential compounds. Inborn errors of metabolism has related to defects in or damage to a developing foetus that may have been caused to genetic changes, that is why Inborn errors of metabolism is sometimes referred as congenital metabolic diseases. Inborn errors of metabolism have also been linked to heritable disorders within biochemistry, for example phe nylketonuria (PKU). That is why some times it is referred as inherited metabolic diseases as well. In the perspective of changes of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, IEM can divided into three useful groups that can be analysed diagnostically. Group 1: Disorders which causes intoxication. Group 2: Disorders involving energy metabolism. And Group 3: Disorders involving complex molecules. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Inborn Errors of Metabolism In the early 1900s, a researcher called Sir Archibald Garrods based his studies on genetic metabolic disorders and discovered IEM [1, 2]. He was known for his work on the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis, based on his studies on the nature and inheritance of alkaptonuria. And gave the name and wrote a book on IEM (The Incidence of Alkaptonuria: a Study in Chemical Individuality.) [1, 2]. IEM can arise from a number of causes, but the major cause is alteration of a specific metabolic reaction [1, 2]. IEM has been shown to develop at a very young age, where epidemiology findings indicated that hundreds of IEM affects about 1 in every 5000 born babies [2]. But as technology advances and improved techniques such as metabolomics, has been easy to develop newborn screening that improves early diagnosis and treatment in a number of IEM disorders [2]. But as these new techniques cost a lot to run and time increases, proving to be unreliable [2]. The study and the knowledge about inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have improved due to the latest advancement in technology and techniques [2, 3]. These improvement have led us to the conclusion, for example urea cycle disorders and organic acidemias may and will lead to the accumulation of ammonia, which is a toxic product of amino acid metabolism [2, 3]. Also the latest findings are that inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) may impair brain function due to defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disorders in gluconeogenesis [4]. There are 10 facts that need to take inconsideration when people with IEM undergo clinical diagnosis [5]. Common condition such as, intoxication, encephalitis and brain tumours in older patients and also sepsis have to be analysed properly and always consider IEM in the same field [5]. Symptom that persists and that are unexplained even before, during and after initial treatment and usual investigations has been performed, have to be taken to consideration that it could be IEM [5]. Newborn babies that have organ dysfunction, hypo-perfusion, or hypotension can develop sepsis, which can be caused by IEM. So any babies in neonatal intensive care unit that die, the first cause that has to be taken to account is IEM [5]. Have to take extra care in reviewing all autopsy findings [5]. The examiner must not confuse a symptom for example peripheral neuropathy; or syndrome such as sudden infant death with etiology [5]. IEM can develop and present at any age, for example from foetal life to old age [5]. The examiner must take to account that not all genetic metabolic errors causes are due to hereditary and transmitted recessive disorders, but a large section of individual cases are sporadic [5]. Always consider inborn errors of metabolism are open to treatment for example with patients that have inborn errors of metabolism due to intoxication [5]. In server situations, the examiner will need to take a few patients with IEM that are able to diagnose and treat the patient with IEM [5]. The examiner must be open to obtain help from specialised centres that specialise with IEM [5]. The metabolic disorders can be set into three useful groups that can easily be distinguished from each other [5, 6, 7]. These three groups are sorted from a pathophysiological point of view [5, 6, 7]. The groups are; Group 1: Disorders which is caused by intoxication [5, 6, 7]. Group 2: Disorders involving energy metabolism [5, 6, 7]. And Group 3: Disorders involving complex molecules [5, 6, 7]. 1.2 Group 1- Disorders which is caused by intoxication In this group, it describes inborn errors of intermediary metabolism. These inborn errors cause acute of progressive intoxication from long exposure and increase of toxic compounds, forming a metabolic block [5, 6, 7]. In group 1 the inborn errors are manly amino acid catabolism [5, 6, 7]. These include phenylketonuria, where there is a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH); which is needed to metabolise the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine [5, 6, 7]. Homocystinuria is an inherited disorder of the metabolism of methionine [5, 6, 7]. Tyrosinemia is where body cannot break down the amino acid tyrosine [5, 6, 7]. Also organic acidurias such as methylmalonic acidemia, and propionic acidemia [5, 6, 7]. Sugar intolerances are also classified in group 1 [5, 6, 7]. These include hereditary fructose intolerance caused by a deficiency of liver enzymes that metabolise fructose. Metal toxication also falls under group 1; such as hemochromatosis, where the patient has accumulated a lot of iron [5, 6, 7]. All these metabolic disorders have something in common, in that they do not affect the embryo development, and also show similar symptoms of clinical intoxication [5, 6, 7]. A patient with group 1 disorders may show an acute signs of vomiting, coma and liver failure; or chronic signs which are cardiomyopathy, developmental delay and failure to thrive. Acute symptoms that can worsen are catabolism, fever, and food intake [5, 6, 7]. The analysis in group 1 is easy, and without any complications [5, 6, 7]. It needs the use of chromatography in which the plasma and urine amino acid. Most of group 1 disorders are treatable. Treatment is usually involves special diets and cleansing drugs such as sodium benzoate and penicillamine, to remove the toxins [5, 6, 7]. The inborn error of amino acid synthesis is also included to this group, as they have the same or similar features [7, 8]. They are inborn errors of intermediary metabolism; the analysis requires the plasma and urine where disorders are able to be treated even when the disorder starts with in the uterus, for example 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency [5, 6, 7, 8]. 1.3 Group 2- Disorders involving energy metabolism In this group inborn errors are errors of intermediary metabolism as well. The symptoms are mainly caused by a lack of energy production or utilization. This will involve the liver, myocardium, muscle, and brain [5, 6, 7]. There are two types of disorders involving energy metabolism. 1. involves mitochondrial energy defects. 2. involves cytoplasmic energy defects [5, 6, 7]. Mitochondrial energy defects are more aggressive and are not fully treatable [5, 6, 7]. Mitochondrial energy defects cause lactic acidemias where there is dextrorotatory lactic acid in the circulating blood, resulting to defects of the pyruvate transporter resulting to PKU, pyruvate carboxylase this causes lactic acid to accumulate in the blood, pyruvate dehydrogenase where the patient can show symptoms of severe lethargy, and defects in the Krebs cycle [5, 6, 7]. But some defects such as fatty acid oxidation and ketone body defects are partly treatable [5, 6, 7]. Cytoplasmic energy defects are not as much aggressive then mitochondrial energy defects. A cytoplasmic energy defect causes disorders of glycolysis, glycogen metabolism and gluconeogenesis [5, 6, 7]. And recent study showed it causes disorders of creatine metabolism which it is partly treatable by oral creatine supplementation [5, 6, 7]. Cytoplasmic energy defects can cause disorders that are untreatable, such as errors of the pentose phosphate pathway which will be described in further details [5, 6, 7]. In group 2, the common symptoms are heart muscle disease, hypoglycaemia, myopathy which is a muscular disease, cardiac failure, specific failure of the circulation, sudden death especially in infancy [5, 6, 7]. Mitochondrial disorders and as well as the pentose phosphate pathway defects can obstruct embryo-foetal development and give rise to dysmorphism, dysplasia causing an abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue and congenital disorder [5, 6, 7, 9]. The analysis and the diagnosis are hard to put through as it requires 4 different tests [5, 6, 7]. 1. Function tests [5, 6, 7]. 2. Enzymatic analyses needing biopsies [5, 6, 7]. 3. Cell culture [5, 6, 7]. 4. Molecular analyses [5, 6, 7]. 1.4 Group 3- Disorders involving complex molecules. Group 3 involves cellular organelles [5, 6, 7]. The diseases that fall under group 3 modify the synthesis or the catabolism of complex molecules [5, 6, 7]. There are symptoms that are permanent and progressive, and some symptoms free from intercurrent events [5, 6, 7]. In this group there are disorders such as lysosomal storage disorders, peroxisomal disorders and inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis etc. In this group treatment is difficult would need enzyme replacement therapy, especially for lysosomal disorders [5, 6, 7, 10]. 2.0 General Symptoms and Signs There is a way for testing newborn babies for inborn errors [11]. This process is called Newborn screening. This tests babies at a very early age for four types of diseases that are treatable: genetic, endocrinologic, metabolic and hematologic diseases [11]. Dr Robert Guthrie was a microbiologist who designed a dried blood spot testing, and used it to screen for phenylketonuria [12]. To this present day that spotting test is still being used. As techniques have improved so have the screening [12]. A physician who is screening a newborn baby for a metabolic disorder has follow four groups of clinical circumstances: The physician must find early symptoms, especially in the antenatal and neonatal period of development. In the later stages the physician must find symptoms that are server and recurring. Symptoms such as coma and vomiting. If the physician finds any symptoms that are chronic and aggressive, they could be due to three things: 1) Gastrointestinal. 2) Muscular. 3) Neurological. These will be described in more detail below The physician must find any signs of cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly etc. This could lead to organ failures. The three groups have symptoms that are chronic and aggressive that can be easily ignored or misinterpreted. 2.1 Gastrointestinal Symptoms. If a patient has inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), the person might have symptoms that fall under the Gastrointestinal Symptoms (GI) group [13]. These symptoms include Anorexia, which is an eating disorder [5, 13]. Osteoporosis which untreated could lead to bones fracturing. Chronic vomiting, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive are also symptoms of (GI). But they are also associated with chronic diarrhoea [5, 13]. This could lead to false and the wrong diagnosis [5, 13]. There are two groups that have been described to have caused chronic diarrhoea and failure to thrive within inborn errors of metabolism: These disorders include errors of the intestinal mucosa or the exocrine function of the pancreas, for example congenital chloride diarrhoea, glucose- galactose malabsorption a condition in which the cells lining the intestine cannot take in the sugars. Lactase and sucrose-isomaltase deficiencies where the person is unable to metabolise lactose or sucrose. Abetalipoproteinemia type II disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food [5, 13]. Enterokinase deficiency; Enterokinase is an enzyme involved in human digestion. Acrodermatitis enteropathica, a condition that affects that absorption of Zinc. Etc [5, 13]. Systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes, sickle cell disease, sarcoidosis, etc can also give rise to GI abnormalities. A problem has risen in distinguishing systemic abnormalities and inborn error of metabolism and vice versa [5, 13]. 2.2 Muscle Symptoms. There are a number of symptoms that fall under this group. For example: Hypotonia, where there is a disorder that causes low muscle tone and strength [5, 14]. Muscular weakness and poor muscle mass [5, 14]. These symptoms are common with many inborn errors of metabolism. These symptoms can be caused by urea cycle defects and many amino acid metabolism disorders [5, 14]. Recent studies have shown that the cause of muscle symptoms can be due to mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene, which can develop Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome [14]. Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome falls under the muscle symptoms group as it causes hypotonia, general weakness of the muscle, reduced muscle mass and delayed development [14]. Further studies showed that this X-linked mental retardation syndrome is involved in the transport of triiodothyronine into neurones and disrupts the blood levels of thyroid hormone [14]. 2.3 Neurological Symptoms. Patients with inborn errors often have neurological symptoms. These include of neurological abnormalities, in the central and peripheral system. Studies have shown that these neurological symptoms are very frequent with inborn errors [5, 15]. These symptoms include poor feeding, hypotonia, ataxia, and even autistic features [5, 15]. The analysis of inborn errors, due to the screening of neurological symptoms is very difficult due to symptoms that are non specific signs; sings that include for example developmental delay, and hypotonia [15]. 3.0 Screening Newborns for Inborn Error of Metabolism 3.1 Newborn screening Newborn screening is a technique, used to detect inborn errors [17, 12]. It was first used to detect phenylketonuria (PKU) by a bacterial inhibition assay, developed in the 1961 by Dr Robert Guthrie as already stated. His technique in using dried blood sample was further developed in the mid 1975, where a scientist called Dussault used a method to screening for congenital hypothyroidism [16]. A lot of time and money has been invested into the screening programme, and now they have uncovered new disorders that are related to inborn errors [17, 12]. Disorders such as cystic fibrosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is a form mutation of genes that produces enzymes that mediating production of cortisol from cholesterol by the adrenal glands. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and many more [5]. To this present day, for screening newborns, tandem mass spectrometry is used [18]. It is a lot easier for screening and diagnosis. The application of tandem mass spectrometry to newborn screening was first described in 1990 [18]. The primary aim of newborn screening is to identify patients, manly infants with serious disorders that are treatable [18]. This will make it easy to prevent or improve clinical symptoms of the disease [18]. Tandem mass-spectrometry is very useful in detecting more than one disorder at one time [18]. This can be used to detect early untreatable disorders and also can be beneficial if the screening was not limited to just individual babies, but the whole family as well [18]. The screening process uses MSMS [18]. MSMS is the method used to measure analytes by both mass and structure [18]. First the compounds are ionised, where the first mass spectrometer selects the ion of interest, where it is sorted by weight [18]. Then the compounds travel through a collision cell, are dissociated to signature fragments, and then pass into a second mass spectrometer where ions are selected for detection. [18]. 3.2 Method for screening Research have been done where most newborn screening programmes use simplifying sample preparation, instead derivatisation of the sample which is the old method [18]. When investigating, the sample might show more than one disorder. But the use of ratio of analytes improves sensitivity and specificity [19]. Specialised biochemical genetic testing is always done to verify which type of disorder the patient has [18]. Theses genetic tests include amino acid analysis, organic acid analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and plasma acylcarnitine profile by MSMS [18]. 4.0 Screening for Individual Inborn Errors of Metabolism Well over 40 inborn errors of metabolism can now be detected by newborn screening [20]. This section will look at three inborn errors. 4.1 Pentose Phosphate Pathway The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an anabolic pathway where is uses a 6 carbon glucose to generate a 5 carbon sugars and reducing equivalents, as shown in Fig. 1. There are three primary functions of this pathway [21]: To generate reducing equivalents, such as NADP forming NADPH. NADPH allows reduction biosynthesis reactions to occur within cells [21]. To produce ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) for the cell, for the synthesis of the nucleotides and nucleic acids [21]. Can metabolise dietary pentose sugars that are derived from digestion of nucleic acids [21]. These also rearrange the carbon skeletons of dietary carbohydrates into glycolytic/gluconeogenic intermediates [21]. 4.1.1 Disorders of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway There are three inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway that have been identified [21]. 4.1.2 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), catalyses the reaction that converts glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate. This creates one mole of NADPH each for every mole of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) that enters the PPP [21]. A deficiency would lead to an error to the first irreversible step of the pathway [21]. This would lead further to a lower production in NADPH, making the cell more acceptable to oxidative stress [21]. G6PDH is very important for Erythrocytes metabolism [21]. A deficiency could lead Individuals to nonimmune hemolytic anaemia which can be caused by, infection or exposure to certain medications or chemicals [21]. G6PDH deficiency is also linked to favism [21]. It is thought to be an X-linked recessive hereditary disease [21]. 4.1.3 Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency A recent study have shown that a patient with of ribose-5-phosphate isomerise deficiency, had developed progressive leucoencephalopathy and, developmental and speech delay [21]. They did further studies using NMR and found that polyols ribitol and D-arabitol concentration was abnormal in body fluids [21, 22]. They did their studies on fibroblasts and found that the enzyme gene-sequence analysis showed a frame-shift and a missense mutation [22]. 4.1.31 Metabolic Derangement Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency would mean that the reversible reaction converting ribose-5-phosphate to ribulose-5-phosphate and vice versa will halt [22]. If there was no deficiency ribulose-5-phosphate would be converted to xylulose 5-phosphate, which will provide the substrates for transketolase and further conversion into glycolytic intermediates [22]. Studies have found that there are two mutant allele one from each parents that results in ribose-5-phosphate isomerise gene that causes the deficiency [22]. So it could be an autosomal recessive inheritance disorder [22]. The best way to do a diagnostic test for Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency would be to take a urine sample [22]. Polyols ribitol and D-arabitol would be analysed [22]. Also enzyme assay can be used to sequence the ribose-5-phosphate isomerise gene [22]. 4.1.4 Transaldolase Deficiency Some studies have been done where three unrelated families had Transaldolase deficiency [23]. One patient had aortic coarctation where the aorta narrows [23]. During the patients life they found that ammonia was rising. But neurological and intellectual development has been normal. Another patient had HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) [23, 24]. Children with transaldolase deficiency have been diagnosed have found that the development of intellectual and neurological showed no abnormalities [23, 24]. But there is a strong link to liver cirrhosis which results from increased cell death of hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells [23, 24]. 4.1.41 Metabolic Derangement Transaldolase catalyses the reaction: Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate erythrose 4-phosphate + fructose 6-phosphate [59]. It is a reversible reaction in the pentose phosphate pathway. The deficiency lead to the accumulation of polyols derived from the pathway intermediates: erythritol, arabitol and ribitol [59]. Studies have shown that all patients were homozygous for these specific mutations, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance [23, 24]. A simple urine test can be done to diagnose of transaldolase deficiency, mainly because there is a high concentration of arabitol and ribitol in urine. Also enzyme assay can be used to sequence the gene [23, 24]. Liver transplant would be the only option with patients that have severe liver cirrhosis [23, 24]. 4.2.0 Insulin secretion by the pancreatic ß-cell In the production of insulin glucose enters the ß-cell through a GLUT2 transporter where it is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme glucokinase [58]. The enzyme is used as a control, where it monitors the level of glucose [58]. As blood glucose raises the rate of glucose metabolism also increases, where the cell will undergo glycolysis generating ATP [58]. This increase of ATP concentration causes K+ channels to close, making the membrane depolarised [58]. This depolarisation causes the voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels to open and Ca ions flood in, stimulating insulin secretion by exocytosis from storage granules; this is shown in Fig. 2. 4.2.1Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycaemia Hyperinsulinism has been diagnoses in all ages but it is very common in childhood [25]. Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (PHHI) is the one of the main cause of hypoglycaemia especially in young children. Patients who are older, that develop PHHI are due to pancreatic adenoma [25]. Hypoglycaemia when there is an overproduction of insulin by the ß-cells in the pancreas [25]. Hypoglycaemia can produce a variety of symptoms the most dangerous is brain damage which can lead to death, and that is why treatment is vital [25]. PHHI has two histopathological lesions that can be easily distinguished, making PHHI a heterogeneous disorder [25]. Focal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (FoPHHI) is caused by loss of heterozygosity which is a somatic event [25]. This causes focal adenomatous hyperplasia, which is a pancreatic lesion [25]. They are treated with pancreatectomy, where they surgically remove part of the pancreas. Diffuse hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (DiPHHI) is also a heterogeneous disorder, in that fact that it is unable to encode for proteins needed for insulin secretion [25]. This can also be caused autosomal recessive and dominant genes which are rare [25]. Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to distinguish between focal and diffuse PHHI [25]. This gives a 3D image or picture of functional processes in the body [25]. Once a patient is diagnosed with PHHI, they are on treatment straight away with glucose and glucagon [25]. 4.2.12Metabolic Derangement Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia is due to insulin hypersecretion by the pancreas [25]. The Action insulin causes a decrease in plasma glucose by inhibiting hepatic glucose release from glycogen and gluconeogenesis, and by increasing glucose uptake in muscle and fat [25]. PHHI is a disorder that is caused by a variety of defects, either in regulation of insulin secretion, unable to transcribe the enzymes needed of even a modified receptor [26]. For example diseases that can affect the ion channels like seizures [27, 28, 29]. Also lack of enzyme production of glucokinase (GK), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) [30, 31]. Epidemiology has found that 1/50,000 patients are born with PHHI [32, 33]. Focal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia is strongly linked to mutation of the sulfonylurea-receptor and the K+ channels, both used to depolarise the cell [32, 33]. Both are found to be located on the chromosome 11p15 [32, 33]. To identify these mutations they would need to be tested in a foetus or embryo before it is born. Sulfonylurea-receptor gene (SUR1) will not respond to diazoxide, which is used as a K+ channels activator [34]. Studies have found that a high activity of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has resulted to hyperinsulism/hyperammonemia syndrome. This would make sense as GDH is needed to produce insulin and this would impair detoxification of ammonia in the liver [31]. The enzyme glucokinase (GK) is also expressed highly, where the affinity is increased for glucose, causing high levels of insulin secretion [30]. 4.2.13 Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic of HI is easy, in the fact that, it can be indicated by the levels of glucose in the blood. Treatment varies from age [35]. Hyperammonemia should be treated as another disease, when a patient has PHHI, when treating hyperinsulism/hyperammonemia syndrome. This can be done by analysis of urine organic acids and plasma acylcarnitines [36]. Patients who show the FoPHHI can have lesion ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 mm in diameter [37, 38]. People who have DiPHHI found that there was ß-cells that were abnormal [39]. Pancreatic venous catheterization (PVS) and pancreatic arteriography have proven very useful in locating the site of insulin secretion [40, 41]. PVS procedure will have to able to maintain blood glucose level, which is between 2 and 3 mmol/l. Blood sample would then be taken from the pancreas to measure 3 things 1.plasma glucose, 2.insulin and 3.C-peptide levels [40, 41]. Studies have shown that people with FoPHHI tend to have high concentration of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels in some samples and low concentration in others [40, 41]. People who have DiPHHI tend to find that all their sample have high concentration of plasma insulin and C-peptide [40, 41]. The use of [18F]-labelled fluoro-L-DOPA whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), has proved to be very useful in detecting hyperfunctional islet pancreatic tissue, where this can be used on patients with focal lesion [42]. Recent studies have shown that a new technique have been use to locate focal lesion and separate focal from diffuse forms of HI; this is the tolbutamide test [44, 45]. 4.2.14 Treatment and Prognosis Brain damage can occur if you are hypoglycaemic, so treatment needs to be quick. Glucagon would be given, where the patient would have to take 1 to 2 mg per day if blood glucose levels are unstable [35]. To treat PHHI, diazoxide would be given, usually at a dose of 15-10 mg/kg/day depending on your age [35]. Normal blood glucose levels should be between 4 and 7 mmol/l, before and after a meal [56]. This could need to be check every time once taking diazoxide [35, 56]. Octreotide treatment, can also be used as it is a hormone inhibitor [46]. But a high could lead to a more severe hypoglycaemia, as it can inhibit glucagon and growth hormone [46]. Patients will find that after treatment with octreotide, they might vomit or have diarrhoea [46]. Calcium-channel blockers could be used, such as Lercanidipine and Pranidipine [46]. These treatments that have been mentioned are very effective in controlling blood sugar [46]. If a patient is diagnosed with FoPHHI, the treatment tends to be surgical as drugs are ineffective [46]. They would undergo pancreatectomy. This procedure has its risk as the patient might develop diabetes mellitus [46]. DiPHHI patients have been found to have large nuclei in the ß-cells [35, 47]. And patients with FoPHHI showed no abnormal s-cell nuclei but did show shrunken cytoplasm [49, 50]. 4.3 Glucose Transporter Deficiency Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose have the properties of being hydrophilic [59]. The lipid bilayer has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, prevent polar molecule such as glucose from diffusing across the membrane [59, 60]. So transport mechanisms are needed. These are hydrophilic pores allowing polar molecules to diffuse in and out of the cell [59, 60]. There are two types of glucose transporters. 1. Sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT), which have been found to be located in the small intestine and the proximal tubule [59, 60]. SGLT uses the difference in concentration of sodium to transport glucose [59, 60]. From high to low concentration of sodium causes the transport of glucose against its own concentration gradient [59, 60]. 2. Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT), which has been found throughout the body, but manly in muscle and pancreas cells [59, 60]. These transporters transport glucose from high to low concentration [59, 60]. Studies have shown that there are four defects in the transport of monosaccharides [59, 60]. These defects can depend on where the transporters are located within the body and what they transport in and out of the cell [59, 60]. As already stated there are four defects. 1. SGLT2, which is found in renal tubulus cells that can cause renal glucosuria [59, 60]. 2. SGLT1, which is found in the intestine, which can cause glucose-galactose malabsorption [59, 60]. 3. GLUT2, a transporter that carries glucose to the liver kidneys and pancreas [59, 60]. 4. GLUT1 is important, in the fact that it carries glucose to the brain cell (neuron and glia cells)

HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South Africa :: HIV in Africa

Policy Brief: HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South Africa Heterosexual intercourse among adolescents is the primary method of HIV transmission in South Africa, with the majority of new infections occurring in the 21 – 25 year age group. An HIV-prevention campaign promoting abstinence among young people would seem to be an effective barrier to further infections. However, a policy promoting abstinence approaches the problem only superficially, and would not take into account all of the factors driving adolescents to engage in sexual relations, specifically unprotected sex, in the first place. Abstinence is not a viable method of HIV/AIDS prevention within the social, political, and economic context of South Africa. A more appropriate strategy would be a comprehensive program aimed at the de-stigmatization and prevention of the disease. A campaign promoting the use of condoms in all sexual encounters, backed by education and the expansion of HIV care and prevention services, and accompanied by policies addressing destructive economic conditions and gender inequality would be the most effective strategy. Countries such as Uganda and Senegal have had success when taking a direct approach to HIV prevention, we should follow their example and confront the epidemic on the terms on which it is striking our populace – through the unfettered, unprotected, and unhealthy sexual practices of our youth. Education is of primary importance in the war against HIV/AIDS. It is the most efficient preventative weapon in our arsenal. Most young adults are at risk because they lack the most basic information on HIV and how to protect themselves from infection. There is confusion about methods of transmission, cultural myths about the disease’s curability, and, perhaps most damaging, skewed perceptions of self-risk. In addition, there are high levels of denial of HIV’s prevalence in communities that have yet to experience AIDS-related deaths. This results in adolescents convincing themselves that they can filter out dangerous partners through appearance or reputation. AIDS is externalized as a disease striking only at the margins of society, and is not seen as sufficient enough of a threat to change one’s risky sexual behavior. HIV/AIDS education should be a community-wide occurrence. Scare tactics should be used to depict HIV in a realistic manner - as a disease incorporated into every community that can and will infect you if you do not take the correct precautions. Limiting education to the schools keeps HIV/AIDS as a medicinal, sterile topic, and disassociates parents who are unwilling or unable to talk to their children about issues of a sexual nature.

Philosophy Questions Essay

Who is recognized as the first as the first speculative philosopher? The first man that reflected was regarded as the first speculative philosopher. What is the death date of Socrates? Socrates Died in the year 399 B. C Who were relativists and the paid teachers of rhetoric? The Sophists were the first paid teachers of rhetoric. The relativists are those who believed that the criteria of judgment are not absolute but relative to those who believe in them. What is the rule according to which all things are accomplished and the law which is found in all things? Good, being the highest unity. What word describes how particular (sensible) things relate to their Forms? Symbolism What is the Greek word meaning `having its end within itself`? ‘entelecheia’ What is the general term for any philosophy that says pleasure is good and pain is evil? Hedonism What is the name for this argument for the existence of God that first occurs in Anselms (of Canterbury? Proslogion? What is the cause of suffering (dissatisfaction) to the Buddha? (Ignorance) ‘All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality and the craving, attachment, and grasping that result from such ignorance.’ Who began as Benedictine and ended as a Dominican? St. Catherine of Siena DEFINE/IDENTIFY THESE TERMS: 1) Critical thinking. A system of thought characterised by careful evaluation and judgment. Critical thinking tends to find the hidden meanings, and the implications of a particular concept or subject. It is a deep state of reasoning that tends to bring out sound judgment. Critical thinking is not just about finding flaws and fault, although this is what critical thinking tends to achieve at the end of the day.   The process of utilising the power of the mind to make influences, make decisions or arrive at a solution or judgments. 2) Wisdom: wisdom is acclaimed as the ability to utilize knowledge, experience, understanding, or even common sense with insight. It is also the ability to apply knowledge or experience it can also be defined as accumulated knowledge.   Prudence in the management and application of any information or knowledge can also be described as wisdom. It is the feature of being far-sighted and sagacious. The state of being wise. It is the ability of making a sound judgment based on the array of information available at one’s disposal. 3) Belief any cognitive content held as true.   It can also be described as an idea into which a level of trust and confidence is placed. It can also mean a set of information held as true and into which a lot of reverence and respect is invested. 4) Ethnocentrism:   is the generalised belief that one’s own ethnic group belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group. This concept lends credence to people’s shared belief and values in the face of other beliefs shared by people of other cultural backgrounds. Ethnocentrism contributes to the integrity of culture because it affirms people’s shared beliefs and values in the face of other, often contradictory, beliefs and values held by people of other cultural backgrounds 5) Moral relativism: – the concept that moral values depend on specific situations. This concept is of the view that ethical moral relativism is the position that moral or ethical acts do not necessarily reflect the universally accepted moral truths. Rather, it makes claims that depend on different circumstances e.g. cultural, historical or personal situations.   These moralists claim that there is no universally acceptable standard for accessing ethical proposition’s truth. 6) The Divided Line – The concept of the divided line was explained by Socrates. Socrates attempted to explain the nature of philosophy through the image of the Divided line. He used two realms, the intelligible and the visible. He used a line to divide the two realms, so that the two realms were separated from each other. he divided the two realms into two parts. The four divisions represent ascending causality, clarity, unity and eternality. The idea was to try to explain the intelligibility of the things of the visible world. The philosopher ruthlessly pursues Good. He seeks to understand it as the highest unity operating in, and behind all things. 7)   Sophrosyne – Is a Greek word. Its literary meaning is ‘moral sanity’ .This ideal was upheld by the Greeks. It means prudence and moderation. However, it possesses a more complex meaning its meaning cannot be completely comprehended in English. However, the concept can be substituted with two other phrases. ‘Nothing in Excess’ and ‘knowing thyself’. In modern Christian theology, the word means ‘purity’, ‘integrity’ and ‘virginity’. 8) Stoicism: Stoicism is a school of philosophy. It was founded in the ancient Greece. The stoic philosophy was developed from the Cynics. Stoicism was the most influential philosophy in the Roman Empire during the period preceding Christianity. The school is opposed to Epicureanism in its views of life. The stoics emphasised ethics as the main field of knowledge. Also, the stoics contributed to the development of logic and natural sciences to support their ethical doctrines. The principle proclaimed by earlier cynics was the foundation of the stoic ethics. Stoicism is broad-based. Stoics were at the forefront of advocating for the brotherhood of humanity and the natural equality of all human beings. 9) Values: values can be described as qualities that can be considered worthy of emulation and that are desirable.   It can also be described as the beliefs of a person or a group of people which have a sort of emotional bond. They have a common goal, either in favour of, or against something. 10) Scholasticism: scholasticism is a theological and philosophic movement. This school of thought was dominant in medieval Europe. It was based on Aristotle and the Fathers of the Church.   The movement attempted to understand the supernatural capacity of the Christian revelation using natural human reason.   The movement attempted to incorporate both the natural wisdom of Greece and Rome and the religious wisdom of Christianity. These scholastics believed that revelation was a direct teaching from God and it possessed a high degree of truth and has a higher superiority than natural reason. Among notable scholastic philosophers were Anselm – the French philosopher, Peter Abelard and St. Bonaventure.

Essay on Modernism vs. Traditionalism in The Mayor of...

An Essay on Modernism vs. Traditionalism in The Mayor of Casterbridge During the first half of the 19th century English society was making the difficult transition from a pre-industrial Britain to ‘modern Victorian times. In agriculture, most of the transition took place around 1846 with the repeal of the corn laws. This allowed foreign grain to be imported into England for the first time. Consequently, the entire structure and methods of agriculture in Britain were greatly altered. Much of the action in Thomas Hardys novel The Mayor of Casterbridge takes place during the years surrounding 1846. These were the years in which traditionalists took their last stand before being defeated in the name of progress. The contrasts between†¦show more content†¦Henchard himself was mentally and physically unfit for grabbing subtleties from solid paper; he had in a modern sense received the education of Achilles, and found penmanship a tantalizing art. (p.72, The Mayor of Casterbridge) The conflicts between modern and traditional approaches to business are demonstrated through the contrasting business ethics of Henchard and Farfrae. Henchard, being an older man, is not as skilled at penmanship or mathematics and as a result his bookkeeping skills represent an older and more traditional method of maintaining business accounts. Farfrae, being from a younger generation approaches business in a more modern way. He keeps the financial records as accurate and as up to date as possible, making sure to go through old records and correct any mistakes that Henchard had made previously. Henchards methods of business represent skills that are no longer in continual use. Farfrae is an example of how the advance of technology causes the loss of traditional, and valuable skills. In the same way, the conflict between traditional and modern approaches to business is demonstrated through Henchard and Farfraes contrasting perspectives on how to manage employees. Henchard, the traditionalist, takes a stern approach when reprimanding employees, instilling respect into his employees through fear. Henchard punishes an employee for his tardiness. ‘I dont want to hear it! roared Henchard. ‘Tomorrow theShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Modernism vs. Traditionalism in the Mayor of Casterbridge1843 Words   |  8 PagesAn Essay on Modernism vs. Traditionalism in The Mayor of Casterbridge During the first half of the 19th century English society was making the difficult transition from a pre-industrial Britain to ‘modern Victorian times. In agriculture, most of the transition took place around 1846 with the repeal of the corn laws. This allowed foreign grain to be imported into England for the first time. Consequently, the entire structure and methods of agriculture in Britain were greatly altered. Much of the